Masayendisiti ari kupeta makore kuchengetedza iyo Great Barrier Reef

Kwave kuri kupisa kwechirimo muAustralia uye makorari ari paGreat Barrier Reef ari kuratidza zviratidzo zvekutanga zvekunetsekana.Vane masimba vanotungamira hurongwa hwemakorari makuru pasi rose vanotarisira chimwe chiitiko chekuchena mumavhiki anotevera - kana izvi zvikaitika, ingave nguva yechitanhatu kubva ipapo. 1998 kuti kuwanda kwematembiricha emvura kwakatsvaira marara makuru emakorari anogara zvisikwa zvemugungwa zvisingaverengeki.mhuka.Zvitatu zvezviitiko izvi zvekuchena zvinoita kuti makorari anyanye kubatwa nehosha nerufu zvakaitika mumakore matanhatu apfuura chete.Apo makorari akasangana nekunyanyisa uye kushushikana kwekupisa kwenguva refu, vanodzinga algae inogara mumiviri yavo uye inoshanduka chena zvachose.Izvi zvinogona kuva nemigumisiro inoparadza pazviuru zvemarudzi ehove, magakanje nemamwe marudzi emugungwa anovimba nematombo emakorari kuti awane pokugara uye zvokudya.Kuti kunonoke mwero wemakorari. kuchenesa kunokonzerwa nekudziya kwegungwa, mamwe masayendisiti ari kutarisa kudenga kuti awane mhinduro.
Makore anounza zvinopfuura mvura kana sinou chete.Mukati mezuva, makore anoita semaparasol makuru, achiratidza chimwe chiedza chezuva chinobva kuNyika kudzokera muchadenga. muzana yegungwa rinopisa, kutonhodza mvura iri pasi.Ndosaka vesainzi vari kuongorora kuti zvinhu zvavo zvemuviri zvingachinjwa here kuti zvivhare chiedza chezuva chakawanda.PaGreat Barrier Reef, zvinotarisirwa kuti kumwe kuyamurwa kunodiwa zvikuru kuchapiwa kumakoroni ari pakati pemakorari. kuwedzera kunowanzopisa kupisa.Asi kunewo mapurojekiti akanangana nekutonhodza kwepasi rose anonetsana.
Pfungwa iri seri kwepfungwa iri nyore: pfura maaerosols akawanda mumakore ari pamusoro pegungwa kuti awedzere kutaridzika kwawo.Masayendisiti akaziva kwemakumi emakore kuti zvimedu mumigwagwa yetsvina yakasiiwa nengarava, iyo inotaridzika zvakanyanya senzira dziri kumashure kwendege, inogona kuvhenekera zviripo. makore.Imhaka yekuti zvidimbu izvi zvinogadzira mhodzi dzemadonhwe emakore;madonhwe egore akawanda uye ari madiki, zvinoita kuti gore rikwanise kuratidza chiedza chezuva risati rarova uye nekupisa Pasi.
Hongu, kupfura maaerosol ezvinosvibisa mumakore haisi iyo tekinoroji yakakodzera kugadzirisa dambudziko rekudziya kwepasi.Mufizikisi wekuBritain anonzi John Latham akange aronga muna 1990 kushandisa makristasi emunyu kubva mumvura yegungwa inoputika panzvimbo.Gungwa rakawanda, rakapfava, uye kunyanya. Waanoshanda naye Stephen Salter, purofesa akabuda muinjiniya nekugadzira paUniversity yeEdinburgh, akabva akurudzira kuti ngarava dzezvikepe zvinokwana 1,500 dzifambe mumakungwa, dzichisveta mvura uye dzichipfapfaidza mhute mumakore kuti iite makore. Brighter.Sezvo kuburitswa kwegasi regreenhouse kuri kuramba kuchikwira, ndizvo zvinoitawo kufarira kurudziro isina kujairika yaLatham naSalter.Kubva 2006, vaviri ava vanga vachishandira pamwe nenyanzvi dzinosvika makumi maviri kubva kuYunivhesiti yeWashington, PARC nemamwe masangano sechikamu cheOceanic Cloud Brightening Project. (MCBP).Chikwata chepurojekiti chave kuongorora kuti kuisa munyu wegungwa nemaune kumakore akaderera, ane fluffy stratocumulus ari pamusoro pegungwa kungaite kuti nyika itonhodze.
Makore anoratidzika kunge ari kunyanya kupenya mumahombekombe ekumadokero kweNorth neSouth America uye nechepakati nekumaodzanyemba kweAfrica, akadaro Sarah Doherty, nyanzvi yezvemuchadenga paUniversity yeWashington kuSeattle uyo akabata MCBP kubvira 2018. pamakungwa apo mwando unoungana kumativi etsanga dzemunyu, asi kuwedzera munyu mudiki kwadziri kunogona kuwedzera simba rinoratidza makore.Kupenya kwegore guru rakafukidza nzvimbo idzi dzakakodzera ne5% kunogona kutonhodza nyika zhinji, akadaro Doherty. makombiyuta ekuenzanisa anoratidza."Zvidzidzo zvedu zvemumunda zvekujetting zvimedu zvemunyu wegungwa mumakore padiki zvishoma zvichabatsira kuwana kunzwisisa kwakadzama kwemaitiro akakosha emuviri anogona kutungamira kumhando dzakavandudzwa," akadaro.Kuedza kudiki-diki kweiyo prototype mudziyo. zvakarongwa kuti zvitange muna 2016 panzvimbo iri pedyo neMonterey Bay, California, asi zvakanonotswa nekuda kwekushaikwa kwemari uye kushorwa kweveruzhinji nekuedza kunokanganisa nharaunda.
"Hatisi kuedza zvakananga kupenya kwegore regungwa chero chipi zvacho chinokanganisa mamiriro ekunze," akadaro Doherty.Zvisinei, vatsoropodzi, kusanganisira mapoka ezvakatipoteredza nemapoka ekudzivirira akadai seCarnegie Climate Governance Initiative, vanonetseka kuti kunyange kuedza kuduku kunogona kukanganisa pasi rose. Mamiriro ekunze nekuda kwekuoma kwawo. physics paUniversity of Oxford.Panewo matambudziko ehunyanzvi.Kugadzira mushonga wekupfapfaidza unokwanisa kupenyesa makore zvakavimbika harisi basa riri nyore, sezvo mvura yegungwa ichiwanzovharika sezvo munyu unowedzera.Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, MCBP yakatsvaga rubatsiro kubva kuna Armand Neukermans, muvambi weinkjet printer yepakutanga, akashanda kuHewlett-Packard neXerox kusvika pamudyandigere. Nerutsigiro rwemari kubva kuna Bill Gates nevamwe veteran industry vetekinoroji, Neukmans yave kugadzira mipumburu inogona kupusha madonhwe emvura yemunyu ehukuru chaihwo (120 kusvika 400 nanometers. in diameter) mumhepo.
Sezvo chikwata cheMCBP chiri kugadzirira bvunzo dzekunze, chikwata chemasayendisiti ekuAustralia chakagadziridza prototype yekutanga yeMCBP nozzle ndokuiedza pamusoro peGreat Barrier Reef.Australia yakasangana nekudziya kwe1.4°C kubvira 1910, kudarika avhareji yepasi rose ye1.1°. C, uye Great Barrier Reef yakarasikirwa nehafu yemakorari ayo nekuda kwekudziya kwegungwa.
Kupenya kwegore kunogona kupa rutsigiro kumatombo egungwa nevagari vawo.Kuita izvi, Southern Cross University engineering oceanographer Daniel Harrison nechikwata chake vakaisa ngarava yekutsvagisa nematurbine ekupomba mvura kubva mugungwa.Sezvakafanana nekanoni yechando, turbine inobvisa mvura. uye inoputika matiririyoni emadonhwe maduku mumhepo kuburikidza nemagetsi ayo 320. Madonhwe acho anooma mumhepo, achisiya mushure memunyu une munyu, unonzi unosanganiswa nemakore akaderera e stratocumulus.
Chiyedzo chechikwata chechiratidzo-che-pfungwa munaKurume 2020 na2021 - apo makorari ari panjodzi yekubuda ropa pakupera kwezhizha reAustralia - aive ari madiki kuti asandure zvakanyanya kuvharika kwegore. Zvichakadaro, Harrison akashamiswa nekumhanya kwakaita utsi hune munyu hwakakwira mudenga. Chikwata chake chaibhururuka nezviridzwa zvemalidar zvekusvika mamita 500 kureba kuti zvione mafambiro emvura. Gore rino, ndege ichavhara mamita mashoma asara kuti iongorore chero zvingaita mumakore anopfuura 500 metres.
Chikwata chichashandisa masamplers emhepo pachikepe chechipiri chekutsvagisa uye zviteshi zvemamiriro ekunze pamatombo ecoral uye kumahombekombe kuti vadzidze kuti zvimedu nemakore zvinosangana sei kuti zvigadzirise mhando dzazvo. , inogona kukanganisa gungwa nenzira dzinodiwa uye dzisingatarisirwi,” akadaro Harrison.
Zvinoenderana nemuenzaniso wakaitwa nechikwata chaHarrison, kudzikisa mwenje uri pamusoro peiyo reef ne6% kunoderedza tembiricha yematombo ari pakati pesherufu yeGreat Barrier Reef nekuenzana ne0.6 ° C.Kuwedzera tekinoroji kuti ivhare zvese. reefs — the Great Barrier Reef inoumbwa neanodarika zviuru zviviri nemazana mapfumbamwe emvura anotamba makiromita zviuru zviviri nemazana matatu kuyambuka — richava dambudziko rekugadzirisa zvinhu, Harrison akadaro, sezvo zvaizoda nzvimbo dzinosvika mazana masere dzekupfapfaidza kuti dzifambe kwemwedzi isati yatarisirwa mafungu makuru. The Great Barrier Reef yakakura zvekuti inogona kuonekwa kubva muchadenga, asi inongovhara 0.07% chete yePasi. mamiriro ekunze nemanayiro emvura, chinhu chinonetsawo zvikuru pakukura kwemvura.Inyanzvi inobatanidza ndege kana kuti drone dzinowedzera machaji emagetsi kana makemikari akaita sesilver iodide kumakore kuti awane mvura.United Arab Emirates neChina vakaedza nehunyanzvi hwekugadzirisa kupisa. kana kusvibiswa kwemhepo.Asi matanho akadai ane gakava guru - vazhinji vanoaona ane ngozi zvikuru. Cloud seeding and brightening zviri pakati pezvinonzi "geoengineering" interventions.Vatsoropodzi vanoti zvine ngozi zvikuru kana kuti zvinokanganisa kuderedza kubudiswa kwemhepo.
Muna 2015, nyanzvi yefizikisi Pierrehumbert akanyora mushumo weNational Research Council pamusoro pekupindira kwemamiriro ekunze, yambiro nezvenyaya dzezvematongerwo enyika nehutongi. shandisa mari inosvika mamiriyoni mazana maviri emadhora mukutsvagisa.Pierrehumbert akatambira nemufaro tsvagiridzo inopenya yemakore egungwa asi akawana matambudziko nemidziyo yekupfapfaidza yakagadzirwa sechikamu chechirongwa chekutsvagisa chirikuenderera mberi.Tekinoroji iyi inogona kubuda mumawoko, akadaro."Masayendisiti anoti haitsivi mhepo kudzora, havasi kuzova ivo vanoita sarudzo. "Hurumende yeAustralia yakashoropodzwa zvakanyanya nekusaita basa rekugadzirisa dambudziko remamiriro ekunze uye kuvimba kwayo nekugadzira magetsi emarasha, inoona makore egungwa achipenya. Muna Kubvumbi 2020, yakatanga chirongwa chemamiriyoni mazana matatu emadhora ekudzoreredza Great Barrier Reef muna Kubvumbi 2020 tsvakurudzo, kuvandudzwa kwemichina uye kuongororwa kwezvinodarika makumi matatu, kusanganisira kupenya kwemvura yegungwa .Kunyange zvazvo matanho makuru ekutsvaga mari akadai saYun Zengliang achiri kukakavara.Mapoka ezvakatipoteredza anopikisa izvi zvinogona kukonzera njodzi dzezvakatipoteredza uye kuvhiringidza kuedza kuderedza kubudiswa kwegasi rinopisa.
Asi kunyangwe kupenya kwegore kukaratidza kushanda, Harrison haafunge kuti ichave mhinduro yenguva refu yekuponesa Great Barrier Reef. migumisiro yokupenya kupi nokupi ichakurumidza kukurirwa. Pane kudaro, Harrison anoti, chinangwa ndechokutenga nguva nepo nyika dzichideredza utsi hwadzo.” Tanonoka kutarisira kuti tinogona kukurumidza kuderedza utsi kuti tichengetedze matombo ekorari pasina kupindira kupi nokupi.”
Kuwana kuburitswa kwenet-zero panosvika 2050 kunoda mhinduro nyowani pasi rose.Munhevedzano iyi, Wired, yakabatana neRolex Forever Planet chirongwa, inosimbisa vanhu nenharaunda dziri kushanda kugadzirisa mamwe ematambudziko edu akanyanya kunetsa kwezvakatipoteredza. Kudyidzana naRolex, asi zvese zvirimo zvakazvimiririra.dzidza zvakawanda.